원자력의 역사

History of Radiation

In 1895,

Rontgen, German physicist who was a recipient of the first Nobel Prize for Physics, in 1901, for his discovery of X rays.

 

In 1896,

Becquerel, french physicist, discovered the unknown ray (later, it was named as gamma-ray) emmitting from the uranium.

He won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.

 

* The rontgen or roentgen (symbol R) is a unit of measurement for ionizing radiation (such as X-ray and gamma rays), and uses the units charge divided by unit mass (C/kg in SI). It is named after the German physicist Wilhelm Rontgen. 1R is the amount of radiation required to liberate positive and negative charges of one electrostatic unit of charge in 1㎤ of air at standard temperature and pressure (STP). This corresponds to the generation of approximately 2.08×109 ion pairs.

 

* The becquerels (symbol Bq) is the SI derived unit of radioactivity, defined as the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second. It is therefore equivalent to s-1. The becquerel is named for Henri Becquerel, who shared a Nobel Prize with Pierre and Marie Curie for their work in discovering radioactivity.

 

In 1898,

French physicist Pierre Curie and his wife Maria Sklodowska-Curie had discovered that present in pitchblende, an ore of uranium, was a substance which emitted large amounts of radioactivity, which they named radium.

 

핵분열 발견(1938, 오토한)

- 우라늄에 중성자를 충돌시키면 원자핵이 둘로 갈라지면서 2~3개의 중성자가 방출되는 현상 발견

 

최초의 원자로(1942, 헨리코 페르미)

- 임계(Criticality) : 핵분열 연쇄반응이 같은 비율로 계속되는 상태 즉, 핵분열이 지속적으로 진행하기 시작하는 경계.

- Chicago Pile 1 : On December 2, 1942 Man achived here the first self-sustaining chain reaction and thereby initiated the controlled release of nuclear energy.

 

핵과 원자력의 역사

- 뢴트겐(1845~1923) : X선 발견(1895)

- 퀴리부인(1867~1934) : 라듐 발견(1904)

- 아인슈타인(1879~1955) : E=mc2, 상대성이론(1905)

- 오토 한(1879~1968) : 우라늄 핵분열 발견(1938)

- 페르미(1901~1954) : 최초의 원자로 개발(1942)

 

- 1945년 : 핵폭탄 투하

- 1952년 : 핵융합 폭탄 개발

- 1954년 : 원자력잠수함 노틸러스호 진수

- 1957년 : Shippingport 발전용 원자로 가동

- 1978년 : 한국 발전용 원자로 가동