원자력의 역사
History of Radiation
In 1895,
Rontgen, German physicist who was a recipient of the first Nobel Prize for Physics, in 1901, for his discovery of X rays.
In 1896,
Becquerel, french physicist, discovered the unknown ray (later, it was named as gamma-ray) emmitting from the uranium.
He won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.
* The rontgen or roentgen (symbol R) is a unit of measurement for ionizing radiation (such as X-ray and gamma rays), and uses the units charge divided by unit mass (C/kg in SI). It is named after the German physicist Wilhelm Rontgen. 1R is the amount of radiation required to liberate positive and negative charges of one electrostatic unit of charge in 1㎤ of air at standard temperature and pressure (STP). This corresponds to the generation of approximately 2.08×109 ion pairs.
* The becquerels (symbol Bq) is the SI derived unit of radioactivity, defined as the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second. It is therefore equivalent to s-1. The becquerel is named for Henri Becquerel, who shared a Nobel Prize with Pierre and Marie Curie for their work in discovering radioactivity.
In 1898,
French physicist Pierre Curie and his wife Maria Sklodowska-Curie had discovered that present in pitchblende, an ore of uranium, was a substance which emitted large amounts of radioactivity, which they named radium.
핵분열 발견(1938, 오토한)
- 우라늄에 중성자를 충돌시키면 원자핵이 둘로 갈라지면서 2~3개의 중성자가 방출되는 현상 발견
최초의 원자로(1942, 헨리코 페르미)
- 임계(Criticality) : 핵분열 연쇄반응이 같은 비율로 계속되는 상태 즉, 핵분열이 지속적으로 진행하기 시작하는 경계.
- Chicago Pile 1 : On December 2, 1942 Man achived here the first self-sustaining chain reaction and thereby initiated the controlled release of nuclear energy.
핵과 원자력의 역사
- 뢴트겐(1845~1923) : X선 발견(1895)
- 퀴리부인(1867~1934) : 라듐 발견(1904)
- 아인슈타인(1879~1955) : E=mc2, 상대성이론(1905)
- 오토 한(1879~1968) : 우라늄 핵분열 발견(1938)
- 페르미(1901~1954) : 최초의 원자로 개발(1942)
- 1945년 : 핵폭탄 투하
- 1952년 : 핵융합 폭탄 개발
- 1954년 : 원자력잠수함 노틸러스호 진수
- 1957년 : Shippingport 발전용 원자로 가동
- 1978년 : 한국 발전용 원자로 가동